right to free speech

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Fighting words are words meant to incite violence such that they may not be protected free speech under the First Amendment. The U.S. Supreme Court first defined them in Chaplinsky v New Hampshire (1942) as words which "by their very...

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Appealed from: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

Oral argument: March 19, 2007

Joseph Frederick, an 18-year-old high school student, displayed a banner with the message “Bong Hits 4...

(Wex page)

In First Amendment law, prior restraint is government action that prohibits speech or other expression before the speech happens.

Prior restraint typically happens in a few ways. It may be a statute or regulation that requires a speaker to...