Equivalent means anything which is comparable in content, substance, material, denomination, number, quality etc., but not identical. Under patent law, an invention against an equivalent may be challenged for infringement by a patent holder (...
legal history
Establishment Clause
The First Amendment's Establishment Clause prohibits the government from making any law “respecting an establishment of religion.” This clause not only forbids the government from establishing an official religion, but also prohibits...
executrix
An executrix is an antiquated term for a woman named in a will as the person responsible for carrying out the terms of the will, as per the testator’s wishes. This term is not commonly used now and every person in this role, no matter their...
federal judiciary
Federal judiciary is the judiciary of the federal government. Article III of the U.S. Constitution establishes the federal judiciary, which consists of the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts that Congress created. The scope of the...
federalism
Overview
Federalism is a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two levels of government. Generally, an overarching national government is responsible for broader governance of larger territorial areas, while the...
felony
A felony is a type of offense punishable under criminal law. Many states classify felonies under different categories depending on the seriousness of the crime and its punishment. In most cases, if a felony is not classified by a letter grade...
felony murder rule
The felony murder rule is a law in most states and under federal law that allows anyone who is accused of committing a violent felony to be charged with murder if the commission of that felony results in the death of someone. The people...
freehold
Freehold is a type of estate where the person has a right or owns title to real property for an unspecified amount of time. Freehold estates include all those described as “estates of inheritance,” meaning those able to be passed in a will or...
further affiant sayeth naught
Further affiant sayeth naught (with variations also using the words “saith” and “not”) is a traditional phrase dating back to centuries old English tradition. The words simply are added to the end of affidavits and other legal documents to...
Harvard College & Massachusetts General Hospital v. Armory (1830)
Harvard College & Massachusetts General Hospital v. Armory (1830) is a famous case from the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court that is credited for establishing the prudent investor rule. The case involved a trust where Armory, the...